- 명사론
1-1. 명사의 역할과 쓰임
명사는 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어 등으로 쓰인다.
주어: The cat is sleeping.
목적어: She bought a book.
보어: My dream is to become a doctor.
1-2. 대명사의 종류와 쓰임
대명사는 명사를 대신하여 사용된다.
인칭대명사: I love coffee. She is my friend.
소유대명사: This book is mine.
지시대명사: This is my bag.
의문대명사: Who is calling?
부정대명사: Someone is at the door.
재귀대명사: He hurt himself.
상대대명사: The man who lives next door is kind.
1-3. 동명사
동사에 -ing를 붙여 명사처럼 쓰는 형태이다.
주어: Swimming is fun.
목적어: I enjoy reading.
보어: His hobby is painting.
1-4. 투부정사(명사적 용법)
투부정사는 "to + 동사원형"의 형태로 명사처럼 쓰인다.
주어: To study hard is important.
목적어: She wants to travel.
보어: My dream is to become a singer.
1-5. 접속사절(명사절)
명사절은 문장에서 명사 역할을 하는 절이다.
주어: What she said is true.
목적어: I know that he is honest.
보어: The problem is how we can solve it.
- 동사론
2-1. 시제
단순 시제: She studies every day. (현재) / He went home. (과거)
진행 시제: She is studying now. / They were playing football.
완료 시제: I have finished my homework. / She had left before I arrived.
진행 수동: The house is being built.
완료 진행: I have been studying for three hours.
완료 수동: The project has been completed.
2-2. 태 (능동/수동)
능동태: She wrote a letter.
수동태: A letter was written by her.
2-3. 수 (단수/복수)
단수: The boy is playing.
복수: The boys are playing.
2-4. 법 (명령/직설/가정)
명령법: Be quiet!
직설법: He is my friend.
가정법: If I were you, I would study harder.
- 형용사, 부사론
3-1. 분사구/분사구문
현재분사: The running boy is fast.
과거분사: The broken window needs fixing.
분사구문: Being tired, he went to bed early.
3-2. 투부정사(형용사, 부사적 용법)
형용사적 용법: I have a lot of work to do.
부사적 용법: He left to buy some food.
3-3. 접속사절 (형용사절, 부사절)
형용사절: The book that I bought is interesting.
부사절: I will call you when I arrive.
3-4. 전치사구
형용사 역할: The girl in the red dress is my sister.
부사 역할: He waited in front of the store.